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monotype unit

  • 1 монотипный

    Русско-английский научный словарь > монотипный

  • 2 монотипный

    Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > монотипный

  • 3 монотипная единица

    monotype unit полигр.

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > монотипная единица

  • 4 монотипная единица

    Polygraphy: monotype unit

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > монотипная единица

  • 5 монотипная система расчёта ширин знаков

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > монотипная система расчёта ширин знаков

  • 6 монотипная система расчёта ширины знаков

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > монотипная система расчёта ширины знаков

  • 7 Lanston, Tolbert

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 3 February 1844 Troy, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 February 1913 Washington, DC, USA
    [br]
    American inventor of the Monotype typesetting machine.
    [br]
    Although reared in a farming community, Lanston was able to develop his mechanical talent. After serving in the American Civil War he secured a clerkship in the Pensions Office in Washington, where he remained for twenty-two years. He studied law in his spare time and was called to the Bar. At the same time, he invented a whole variety of mechanical devices, many of which he patented. Around 1883 Lanston began taking an interest in machines for composing printers' type, probably stimulated by Ottmar Mergenthaler, who was then in Washington and working in this field. Four years' work were rewarded on 7 June 1887 by the grant of a patent, followed by three more, for a machine "to produce justified lines of type". The machine, the Monotype, consisted of two components: first a keyboard unit produced a strip of paper tape with holes punched in patterns corresponding to the characters required; this tape controlled the matrices in the caster, the second and "hot metal" component, from which types were ejected singly and fed to an assembly point until a complete line of type had been formed. Lanston resigned his post and set up the Lanston Type Machine Company in Washington. He laboured for ten years to convert the device defined in his patents into a machine that could be made and used commercially. In 1897 the perfected Monotype appeared. The company was reorganized as the Lanston Monotype Manufacturing Company of Philadelphia, and Lanston devoted himself to promoting and improving the machine. Monotype, with Mergenthaler's Linotype, steadily supplanted hand-setting and the various inadequate mechanical methods that were then in use, and by the 1920s they reigned supreme, until the 1960s, when they themselves began to be superseded by computer-controlled photosetting methods.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Franklin Institute Cresson Gold Medal 1896.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1913, American Printer (March).
    L.A.Legros and J.C.Grant, 1916, Typographical Printing Surfaces, London.
    J.Moran, 1964, The Composition of Reading Matter, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Lanston, Tolbert

  • 8 матрица

    two-dimensional array, array, mother blank, die block, female core, die, ( клепальной машины) dolly, master form, matrix, master полигр., mat, female mold, mold, nib, plane, ( фонограммы) stamper, swage, table
    * * *
    ма́трица ж.
    1. маш. ( штампа) die; ( сплава) matrix
    2. мат. matrix
    ма́трица m на n — an m -by-n matrix
    обраща́ть ма́трицу — invert a matrix
    транспони́ровать ма́трицу — transpose a matrix
    умножа́ть ма́трицу сле́ва — multiply a matrix on the left, premultiply a matrix, multiply a matrix by writing the multiplier before the matrix
    умножа́ть ма́трицу спра́ва — multiply a matrix on the right postmultiply a matrix, multiply a matrix by writing the multiplier after the matrix
    3. вчт. plane, matrix
    4. полигр. mat, mould; matrix, die
    5. ( алмазной коронки) геол. matrix
    ма́трица без повторе́ния — non-recurrent matrix
    брикетиро́вочная ма́трица с.-х. — briquetting die
    бу́лева ма́трица — Boolean matrix
    волочи́льная ма́трица — drawing die
    ма́трица вы́борки на (ферри́товых) серде́чниках — selection core matrix
    ма́трица вы́пуска — output matrix
    вычисли́тельная ма́трица — computing matrix
    ги́псовая ма́трица — plaster mould
    грани́чная ма́трица — boundary matrix
    дешифра́торная ма́трица — decoder matrix
    дио́дная ма́трица — diode matrix
    диспе́рсная ма́трица — dispersion matrix
    едини́чная ма́трица — identity [unit] matrix
    железобето́нная ма́трица — reinforced concrete jig
    ма́трица запомина́ющего устро́йства — memory plane, memory matrix
    ма́трица запомина́ющего устро́йства на серде́чниках — core plane, plane matrix
    ма́трица имми́тансов элк. — immittance matrix
    ма́трица като́дной осно́вы ( для электролиза меди) — blank of a starting sheet
    квадра́тная ма́трица — square [mmm] matrix
    кле́точная ма́трица — array, tableau
    коди́рующая ма́трица — encoder matrix
    ко́мплексная ма́трица — complex matrix
    ко́мплексно-сопряжё́нная ма́трица — adjoint matrix
    корреляцио́нная ма́трица — correlation matrix
    кососимметри́чная ма́трица — skew-symmetric matrix
    ма́трица коэффицие́нтов — matrix of coefficients
    линоти́пная ма́трица — linotype matrix
    логи́ческая кре́мниевая ма́трица — silicon-diode logic matrix
    ма́трица магни́тного запомина́ющего устро́йства — magnetic memory matrix [plane]
    моноти́пная ма́трица — monotype matrix
    ма́трица на ферри́товых серде́чниках — magnetic core matrix [plane]
    неосо́бенная ма́трица — non-singular matrix
    несо́бственная ма́трица — improper matrix
    обрати́мая ма́трица — invertible matrix
    обра́тная ма́трица — inverse [reciprocal] matrix
    ортогона́льная ма́трица — orthogonal matrix
    осо́бенная ма́трица — singular matrix
    ма́трица оши́бок — error matrix
    ма́трица па́мяти — memory matrix
    ма́трица па́мяти, изгото́вленная ме́тодом проши́вки — woven wire memory matrix, woven wire memory plane
    переключа́тельная ма́трица — switching matrix
    ма́трица перехо́да — transition (probability) matrix, matrix of transition probabilities
    платё́жная ма́трица ( в теории игр) — pay-off matrix
    подвесна́я ма́трица полигр. — pi matrix
    подо́бные ма́трицы — similar matrices
    ма́трица по́лной проводи́мости элк. — admittance matrix
    ма́трица по́лных сопротивле́ний элк. — impedance matrix
    положи́тельно определё́нная ма́трица мат. — positive definite matrix
    ма́трица п [m2]-го поря́дка — matrix of order n
    ма́трица преобразова́ния — transformation matrix
    присоединё́нная ма́трица — adjugate matrix
    ма́трица приспособле́ния — adaptation matrix
    прове́рочная ма́трица — partly-check matrix
    произво́дная ма́трица — derivative matrix
    производя́щая ма́трица — generator matrix
    пускова́я ма́трица косм. — launching matrix
    пуста́я ма́трица полигр. — flat type matrix
    ма́трица разме́рности mmn — m by n matrix, mxn matrix, an array of size mxn
    ма́трица рассе́яния — scattering matrix
    расши́ренная ма́трица — augmented matrix
    самосопряжё́нная ма́трица — self-conjugated matrix
    сигна́льная ма́трица тлв. — signal matrix
    симметри́чная ма́трица — symmetric(al) matrix
    сингуля́рная ма́трица — singular matrix
    ма́трица систе́мы, переда́точная — system transfer matrix
    сопряжё́нная ма́трица — adjoint of a matrix
    составна́я ма́трица
    1. маш. sectional [split] die
    2. мат. composite matrix
    стальна́я ма́трица полигр. — steel matrix
    ма́трица с m столбца́ми — m -column matrix
    ма́трица с n строка́ми — n -rowed matrix
    стохасти́ческая ма́трица — stochastic matrix
    структу́рная ма́трица — structural matrix
    транспони́рованная ма́трица — transpose of a matrix, transposed matrix
    унимода́льная ма́трица — unimodal matrix
    унимодуля́рная ма́трица — unimodular matrix
    унита́рная ма́трица — unitary matrix
    ферри́товая ма́трица — magnetic core matrix [plane]
    ферри́товая ма́трица с лине́йной вы́боркой — linear [word] selection core matrix, word-organized core matrix [plane]
    ферри́товая ма́трица с пло́ской вы́боркой — plane-selection [bit-organized] core matrix [plane]
    характеристи́ческая ма́трица — characteristic matrix
    цветна́я ма́трица тлв. — colour matrix
    целлуло́идная ма́трица — celluloid mould
    ма́трица це́пи эл. — circuit matrix
    шифра́торная ма́трица — encoder matrix
    эквивале́нтные ма́трицы — equivalent matrices
    эрми́това ма́трица — Hermitian matrix
    эрми́тово-сопряжё́нная ма́трица — Hermitian conjugate matrix
    этало́нная ма́трица — master die

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > матрица

  • 9 Benton, Linn Boyd

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 13 May 1844 Little Falls, New York, USA
    d. 15 July 1932 Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
    [br]
    American typefounder, cutter and designer, inventor of the automatic punch-cutting machine.
    [br]
    Benton spent his childhood in Milwaukee and La Crosse, where he early showed a talent for mechanical invention. His father was a lawyer with an interest in newspapers and who acquired the Milwaukee Daily News. Benton became familiar with typesetting equipment in his father's newspaper office. He learned the printer's trade at another newspaper office, at La Crosse, and later worked as bookkeeper at a type foundry in Milwaukee. When that failed in 1873, Benton acquired the plant, and when he was joined by R.V.Waldo the firm became Benton, Waldo \& Co. Benton began learning and improving type-cutting practice. He first devised unit-width or "self-spacing" type which became popular with compositors, saving, it was reckoned, 20 per cent of their time. Meanwhile, Benton worked on a punch-cutting machine to speed up the process of cutting letters in the steel punches from which matrices or moulds were formed to enable type to be cast from molten metal. His first mechanical punch-cutter worked successfully in 1884. The third machine, patented in 1885, was the model that revolutionized the typefounding operation. So far, punch-cutting had been done by hand, a rare and expensive skill that was insufficient to meet the demands of the new typesetting machines, the monotype of Lanston and the linotype of Merganthaler. These were threatened with failure until Benton saved the day with his automatic punch-cutter. Mechanizing punch-cutting and the forming of matrices made possible the typesetting revolution brought about by mono-and linotype.
    In 1892 Benton's firm merged with others to form the American Type Founders Company. Benton's equipment was moved to New York and he with it, to become a board member and Chief Technical Advisor. In 1894 he became Manager of the company's new plant for type manufacture in Jersey City. Benton steadily improved both machinery and processes, for which he was granted twenty patents. With his son Morris Fuller, he was also notable and prolific in the field of type design. Benton remained in active association with his company until just two weeks before his death.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1932, Inland Printer (August): 53–4.
    P.Cost, 1985, "The contributions of Lyn [sic] Boyd Benton and Morris Fuller Benton to the technology of typesetting and the art of typeface design", unpublished MSc thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology (the most thorough treatment).
    H.L.Bullen, 1922, Inland Printer (October) (describes Benton's life and work).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Benton, Linn Boyd

См. также в других словарях:

  • Monotype unit — Монотипная единица …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

  • Monotype unit system — Монотипная система расчёта ширин знаков …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

  • Monotype System — The Monotype system is a set of two machines, the Monotype keyboard and the Monotype caster, which are used to typeset printed matter. A Monotype operator enters text on a Monotype keyboard, on which characters are arranged in the QWERTY… …   Wikipedia

  • Monotype — /mon euh tuyp /, Print., Trademark. a brand of machine for setting and casting type, consisting of a separate keyboard for producing a paper tape containing holes in a coded pattern so that when this tape is fed into the casting unit each code… …   Universalium

  • monotype — a monotypic taxonomic unit, not a name for a type but has been used for an implied holotype …   Dictionary of ichthyology

  • printing — /prin ting/, n. 1. the art, process, or business of producing books, newspapers, etc., by impression from movable types, plates, etc. 2. the act of a person or thing that prints. 3. words, symbols, etc., in printed form. 4. printed material. 5.… …   Universalium

  • List of type designers — A type designer is a person who designs typefaces. Some type designers are employed by type foundries, or operate them. Others work independently. A partial list of type designers follows by country, with a signature typeface or two for… …   Wikipedia

  • Type Museum — The Type Museum is a unique and massive collection of the majority of the legacy of type founding in England. These famous foundries and composing systems supplied the world with type in all languages. The museum was founded in 1992 and is… …   Wikipedia

  • Unicode font — A Unicode font (also known as UCS font and Unicode typeface) is a computer font that contains a wide range of characters, letters, digits, glyphs, symbols, ideograms, logograms, etc., which are collectively mapped into the standard Universal… …   Wikipedia

  • American Type Founders — Former type Defunct Industry Type foundry Founded 1892 Defunct 1993 Headquarters Elizabeth, New Jersey, U.S. Key peo …   Wikipedia

  • Point (typography) — Point, in typography, may also refer to a dot grapheme (e.g.: full stop; Interpunct) as in the expression, decimal point. For non typographical uses, see Point (disambiguation). Contents 1 French printer’s points …   Wikipedia

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